Physical Properties of Titanium
Titanium is physically quite ductile, lustrous, malleable and easily worked with other metals. It has low density, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. In its pure form it has silvery white metallic luster. It has similar strength as of steel and twice as of aluminum but just half in weight. It is fairly hard, poor conductor of heat and electricity and non magnetic element. The alloy of this element has lower specific stiffness in comparison to other structural material like carbon fiber and aluminum alloys. Metal is non toxic and physiologically inert and hence has no effect on human body.
Chemical Properties
Titanium does not quickly corrode in water and are oxidized immediately when they are exposed to air. When it reacts with oxygen at 1200 C it forms titanium oxide, however it reacts slowly with air and water and forms a protective oxide coating that helps it to react with other metals. It is one of the materials that easily burn in pure nitrogen gas and forms titanium nitride. It is resistant against aqua regia and to nitric acid at 20 C temperatures. Titanium filaments are applied in sublimation pumps (devices to create extremely low pressure in ultra vacuum systems) because in its clean and purest form it is highly reactive and strongly binds with oxygen. As per some experiments titanium becomes radioactive after the attack with deuterons.
In order to make right selection of titanium and its alloys there are two basic considerations which need to be appreciated, one is the specification of the component and other is its design.
There are various material used for titanium casting such as Manganese, Chromium binaries and Aluminum. However aluminum containing multi component has the major advantage for better elevated temperature properties and hence it is the most useful titanium materials in the industry. Generally it is advisable to use unalloyed titanium and wherever required or possible heat treatment should be employed to gain the best ductility in the end product.
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