Tips While Buying The Best Titanium Necklaces

Tips While Buying The Best Titanium Necklaces

Titanium necklaces are definitely the next big thing for many jewelry lovers today. This is mainly because they are strong and durable just as many would prefer. Titanium offers a sparkling white shine, delicate rainbow polish and is rather comfortable to the wearer. The titanium material is tough and lightweight thus
The necklaces made from titanium are very stylish and elaborate. There are various shapes and styles that are available for the necklaces that suits both men and women. The titanium has high quality material and hence the necklace will not be prone to scratches. It maintains its smooth and shiny look for a long time so there is no need to keep replacing the necklace. This is a great way to always wear a stylish and beautiful jewelry without any hassles.

The necklaces made from titanium just require a small effort in maintenance. There is no need for frequent polish but just an occasional wipe to get rid of finger scratches or stains. The good thing with titanium is that it is non-corrosive. In this case, materials like salt water and cleaning mixtures pose no threat to the necklace. This makes it suitable to wear anytime, even while swimming in the ocean or lying down on the beach.

Titanium necklaces can be worn with nearly all sorts of outfits. It looks good while on a dress, on regular jeans and even with sportswear. Titanium remains elegant and at the same time it is casual. There is no reason not to look good in every
Many people are allergic to various metal jewelry especially those that are coated. This is because the metal comes off on the skin or sometimes when it stays on the skin for too long it creates an allergic reaction. This causes skin rashes and even discolored skin which can be very uncomfortable for many people. However, titanium does not irritate the skin and therefore it is safe for everyone.

The necklaces from titanium are rather unique. It always looks new and not boring like some jewelry do, thus it remains fashionable in all seasons. The necklaces are further improved by the fact that there are numerous varieties to select from. There are black necklaces available in titanium that can match various outfits. It is important to ensure however, that it is genuine titanium to avoid disappointments.

The titanium metal also offers necklaces with a mixture of colored gems which are astonishing. Many women find this metal exquisite and offer them the best necklaces. Various necklace designs are very attractive to them and thus titanium has become very popular today.

The titanium jewelry is expensive however, but it is proved to be very durable. It is important for those shopping for necklaces not to go for the cheaper ones though because cheap ones can turn to become expensive. Cheap necklaces can cause skin irritations and you will then need to visit a doctor which might be costly. Titanium necklaces have more benefits and offer more options to people who want to look stylish all the time.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/custom-logo-titanium-necklace-286443.html

Titanium Screw

Titanium Screw

The construction industry is an area which develops along with the technology. Mainly, the professionals in the construction industry always look for the best reliable materials to use with their construction products. The titanium screw is a latest invention to the construction industry, and lots of construction people use it in order to improve the quality of their product.
Basically, the elements used to manufacture titanium screw are really unique with compare to other screws available in the industry. Furthermore, the durability and the life time of such titanium screws have very good standards. Because of this situation, people who are dealing with construction and industrial industry have identified the value of such titanium screws. Therefore, now we can see a great improvement of titanium screws in the industry.

However, the prices of titanium screws are a little bit higher than the other screws available in the industry. However, it is worth using titanium screws for various constructions as you don't have to do time to time replacements and renovations due to breakage and rusting of screws you have used. In addition that, these titanium screws have a very good resistance against the rusting, and it is very important.
Moreover, these titanium screws are available with various sizes and designs, which can be used for your customized requirements. So it is an added advantage for you as you don't have to stick to one type of titanium screw as you have the opportunity to select these titanium screws from a mass number of screw manufacturers and providers.

Furthermore, it is always recommended to use the best titanium screws for your most important construction projects, which include domestic and commercial construction. If you use these titanium screws for your construction projects, it can add some more values to your completed projects directly and indirectly. So it will be a very good chance to the construction party as they can get more business throughout the positive feedbacks offered by the early service buyers.

Finally, everyone must keep in mind that there is a very good competition available in the industry irrespective of the industry. Therefore, everyone tries to offer the best service to their buyers to deal with the competition. So the titanium screw is a good starting point for the construction industry to provide the customer with some extra satisfactory results.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/Titanium-Bolts-Screws-With-different-Colors-287538.html

The Importance of Brass Tubes in Different Industries

           The Importance of Brass Tubes in Different Industries
Brass is a type of tubing that is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is reportedly quite durable and comes in a wide array of sizes, shapes, thickness, and finishes which are protective coatings for this highly reactive material. Types of brass tubing finishes include shiny, antique or distressed, polished, oil-rubbed, and many more.
Although many people may not realize it, brass tubes are actually part of their daily lives. It can be found in hotels, restaurants, museums, and even your own residence. There are many uses of brass tubing utilized in such diverse industries with purposes that range from the functional to the more ornamental. Listed below are some of the most common uses of brass tubing in different industries.

Decorative

Artists who use metallic materials can use brass; that's because this material is more flexible than most metals. Its wide variety of designs makes it perfect for creative exploits. Brass tubes are often found in decorative products such as wind chimes.

Music

Most manufacturers of musical instruments probably have their brass tube suppliers on speed dial. That's because several musical instruments are actually made of brass tubing. Brass tubing is a common material used in most brass instruments, but not all brass instruments are actually made of brass. Brass instruments are determined by the sound that they make. Perhaps the most widely popular instrument made of brass is the saxophone which is basically a large conical brass tube belonging to the woodwind family of instruments.
Most plumbing systems used today are reportedly made up of brass tubes. Tubing made of brass materials are relatively durable and can withstand potential damage caused by water; this makes it ideal for plumbing purposes. The more durable the brass tube, the higher the zinc content; most brass tubing suppliers produce pipes and tubes with a significant amount of zinc, especially if it's for plumbing.

Brass is considered as a flexible metallic material used in a wide range of industries which means that most brass tubes suppliers probably won't go out of business any time soon. If you are interested in learning more about the different uses of brass tubing or regarding brass materials in general, then you can check out madehow.com/Volume-6/Brass.html and selfgrowth.com/articles/what-is-brass-tubing-and-what-are-its-common-uses. If you are more interested in the more decorative or ornamental uses of brass tubing such as wind pipes or home decors you can find more relevant information by logging on to ehow.com/how_4854148_make-chimes-out-brass-pipes.html and ehow.com/how_5530527_paint-sheet-metal-home-decorating.html.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/Seamless-Tungsten-Tube-Pipe-for-Industry-280197.html

Shape memory alloy

Shape memory alloy

The following WikiProjects or Portals may be able to help recruit one:
WikiProject Technology Technology Portal WikiProject Engineering Engineering Portal
If another appropriate WikiProject or portal exists, please adjust this template accordingly.(February 2009)
The three main types of shape memory alloys are the copper-zinc-aluminum-nickel, copper-aluminium-nickel, and nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys but SMA's can also be used by alloying zinc, copper, gold, and iron. NiTi alloys are generally more expensive and change from austenite to martensite upon cooling; Mf is the temperature at which the transition to Martensite is finished during cooling. Accordingly, during heating As and Af are the temperatures at which the transformation from Martensite to Austenite starts and finishes. Repeated use of the shape memory effect may lead to a shift of the characteristic transformation temperatures (this effect is known as functional fatigue, as it is closely related with a change of microstructural and functional properties of the material).
The transition from the martensite phase to the austenite phase is only dependent on temperature and stress, not time, as most phase changes are, as there is no diffusion involved. Similarly, the austenite structure gets its name from steel alloys of a similar structure. It is the reversible diffusionless transition between these two phases that allow the special properties to arise. While martensite can be formed from austenite by rapidly cooling carbon-steel, this process is not reversible, so steel does not have shape memory properties.
In this figure, (T) represents the martensite fraction. The difference between the heating transition and the cooling transition give rise to the shape of the curve depends on the material properties of the shape memory alloy, such as the alloying and work hardening
One-way vs. two-way shape memory
Shape memory alloys have different shape memory effects. Two common effects are one-way and two-way shape memory. A schematic of the effects is shown below.
In the figure above, the procedures are very similar: starting from martensite (a), adding a reversible deformation for the one-way effect or severe deformation with an irreversible amount for the two-way (b), heating the sample (c) and cooling it again (d).
One way memory effect
When a shape memory alloy is in its cold state (below As), the metal can be bent or stretched and will hold those shapes until heated above the transition temperature. Upon heating, the shape changes to its original. When the metal cools again it will remain in the hot shape, until deformed again.
With the one-way effect, cooling from high temperatures does not cause a macroscopic shape change. A deformation is necessary to create the low-temperature shape. On heating, transformation starts at As and is completed at Af (typically 2 to 20 C or hotter, depending on the alloy or the loading conditions). As is determined by the alloy type and composition. It can be varied between 150 C and 200 C.
Two way memory effect
The two-way shape memory effect is the effect that the material remembers two different shapes: one at low temperatures, and one at the high temperature shape. A material that shows a shape memory effect during both heating and cooling is called two-way shape memory. This can also be obtained without the application of an external force (intrinsic two-way effect). The reason the material behaves so differently in these situations lies in training. Training implies that a shape memory can "learn" to behave in a certain way. Under normal circumstances, a shape memory alloy "remembers" its high-temperature shape, but upon heating to recover the high-temperature shape, immediately "forgets" the low-temperature shape. However, it can be "trained" to "remember" to leave some reminders of the deformed low-temperature condition in the high-temperature phases. There are several ways of doing this. A shaped, trained object heated beyond a certain point will lose the two way memory effect, this is known as "amnesia".
Pseudo-elasticity
One of the commercial uses of shape memory alloy involves using the pseudo-elastic properties of the metal during the high temperature (austenitic) phase. The frames of reading glasses have been made of shape memory alloy as they can undergo large deformations in their high temperature state and then instantly revert back to their original shape when the stress is removed. This is the result of pseudoelasticity; the martensitic phase is generated by stressing the metal in the austenitic state and this martensite phase is capable of large strains. With the removal of the load, the martensite transforms back into the austenite phase and resumes its original shape.
This allows the metal to be bent, twisted and pulled, before reforming its shape when released. This means the frames of shape memory alloy glasses are claimed to be "nearly indestructible" because it appears no amount of bending results in permanent plastic deformation.
Transition temperature
The martensite start temperature of shape memory alloys at which they function is dependent on a number of factors including alloy chemistry. Shape memory alloys with transformation temperatures in the range of 60-1450 K have been made. Zarinejad and co-workers have recently shown that the martensite start temperature increases with the decrease of the valence electron density (concentration) of these alloys.
History
The first reported steps towards the discovery of the shape memory effect were taken in the 1930s. According to Otsuka and Wayman (1998), A. lander discovered the pseudoelastic behavior of the Au-Cd alloy in 1932. Greninger & Mooradian (1938) observed the formation and disappearance of a martensitic phase by decreasing and increasing the temperature of a Cu-Zn alloy. The basic phenomenon of the memory effect governed by the thermoelastic behavior of the martensite phase was widely reported a decade later by Kurdjumov & Khandros (1949) and also by Chang & Read (1951).
The nickel-titanium alloys were first developed in 19621963 by the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory and commercialized under the trade name Nitinol (an acronym for Nickel Titanium Naval Ordnance Laboratories). Their remarkable properties were discovered by accident. A sample that was bent out of shape many times was presented at a laboratory management meeting. One of the associate technical directors, Dr. David S. Muzzey, decided to see what would happen if the sample was subjected to heat and held his pipe lighter underneath it. To everyone's amazement the sample stretched back to its original shape.
There is another type of S.M.A., called a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA), that changes shape under strong magnetic fields. These materials are of particular interest as the magnetic response tends to be faster and more efficient than temperature-induced responses.
Metal alloys are not the only thermally-responsive materials; shape memory polymers have also been developed, and became commercially available in the late 1990s.
Crystal structures
Many metals have several different crystal structures at the same composition, but most metals do not show this shape memory effect. The special property that allows shape memory alloys to revert to their original shape after heating is that their crystal transformation is fully reversible. In most crystal transformations, the atoms in the structure will travel through the metal by diffusion, changing the composition locally, even though the metal as a whole is made of the same atoms. A reversible transformation does not involve this diffusion of atoms, instead all the atoms shift at the same time to form a new structure, much in the way a parallelogram can be made out of a square by pushing on two opposing sides. At different temperatures, different structures are preferred and when the structure is cooled through the transition temperature, the martensitic structure forms from the austenitic phase.
Manufacture
Shape memory alloys are typically made by casting, using vacuum arc melting or induction melting. These are specialist techniques used to keep impurities in the alloy to a minimum and ensure the metals are well mixed. The ingot is then hot rolled into longer sections and then drawn to turn it into wire.
the alloys are "trained" depends on the properties wanted. The "training" dictates the shape that the alloy will remember when it is heated. This occurs by heating the alloy so that the dislocations re-order into stable positions, but not so hot that the material recrystallizes. They are heated to between 400 C and 500 C for 30 minutes. Typical variables for some alloys are 500 C and for more than 5 minutes.
They are then shaped while hot and are cooled rapidly by quenching in water or by cooling with air.
Properties
The copper-based and Ni Ti (nickel and titanium)-based shape memory alloys are considered to be engineering materials. These compositions can be manufactured to almost any shape and size.
The yield strength of shape memory alloys is lower than that of conventional steel, but some compositions have a higher yield strength than plastic or aluminum. The yield stress for Ni Ti can reach 500 MPa. The high cost of the metal itself and the processing requirements make it difficult and expensive to implement SMAs into a design. As a result, these materials are used in applications where the super elastic properties or the shape memory effect can be exploited. The most common application is in actuation.
One of the advantages to using shape memory alloys is the high level of recoverable plastic strain that can be induced. The maximum recoverable strain these materials can hold without permanent damage is up to 8% for some alloys. This compares with a maximum strain 0.5% for conventional steels.
Applications
Industrial
Aircraft
See also: Aircraft
Boeing, General Electric Aircraft Engines, Goodrich Corporation, NASA, and All Nippon Airways developed the Variable Geometry Chevron using shape memory alloy that reduces aircraft's engine noise. All of Boeing's new aircraft will be equipped with this new technology.
Piping
See also: Piping
The first consumer commercial application for the material was as a shape memory coupling for piping, e.g. oil line pipes for industrial applications, water pipes and similar types of piping for consumer/commercial applications. The late 1980s saw the commercial introduction of Nitinol as an enabling technology in a number of minimally invasive endovascular medical applications. While more costly than stainless steel, the self expanding properties of Nitinol alloys manufactured to BTR (Body Temperature Response), have provided an attractive alternative to balloon expandable devices. On average, 50% of all peripheral vascular stents currently available on the worldwide market are manufactured with Nitinol.
Robotics
See also: Robotics
There have also been limited studies on using these materials in robotics (such as "Roboterfrau Lara"), as they make it possible to create very light robots. Weak points of the technology are energy inefficiency, slow response times, and large hysteresis.
Nitinol wire is also used in robotics (e.g. the hobbyist robot Stiquito) and in a few magic tricks, particularly those involving heat and shapeshifting.
Medicine
Optometry
Eyeglass frames made from titanium-containing SMAs are marketed under the trademarks Flexon and TITANflex. These frames are usually made out of shape memory alloys that have their transition temperature set below the expected room temperature. This allows the frames to undergo large deformation under stress, yet regain their intended shape once the metal is unloaded again. The very large apparently elastic strains are due to the stress-induced martensitic effect, where the crystal structure can transform under loading, allowing the shape to change temporarily under load. This means that eyeglasses made of shape memory alloys are more robust against being accidentally damaged.
Orthopaedic surgery
This section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. WikiProject Medicine or the Medicine Portal may be able to help recruit one. (February 2009)
Memory metal has been utilised in orthopaedic surgery as a fixation device for osteotomies, typically around the foot and ankle. The device, usually a staple, is stored in a refrigerator in its malleable form and is implanted into pre-drilled holes in the bone across an osteotomy. As the staple warms it returns to its non-malleable state and compresses the bony surfaces together to promote union of the osteotomy.
Dentistry
The range of applications for SMAs has grown over the years, a major area of development being medicine. One example is the prevalence of dental braces using SMA technology to exert constant tooth-moving forces on the teeth; the nitinol archwire was developed in 1972 by orthodontist George Andreasen. This revolutionized clinical orthodontics and has also had an effect on fiber optic development. Andreasen's alloy has a patterned shape memory, expanding and contracting within given temperature ranges because of its geometric programming.
Harmeet D. Walia later utilized the alloy in the manufacture of root canal files for endodontics.
Materials
Alloys of metals having the memory effect at different temperatures and at different percentages of its solid solution contents.
Ag-Cd 44/49 at.% Cd
Au-Cd 46.5/50 at.% Cd
Cu-Al-Ni 14/14.5 wt.% Al and 3/4.5 wt.% Ni
Cu-Sn approx. 15 at.% Sn
Cu-Zn 38.5/41.5 wt.% Zn
Cu-Zn-X (X = Si, Al, Sn)
Fe-Pt approx. 25 at.% Pt
Mn-Cu 5/35 at.% Cu
Fe-Mn-Si
Pt alloys
Co-Ni-Al
Co-Ni-Ga
Ni-Fe-Ga
Ti-Pd in various concentrations
Ni-Ti (~55% Ni)
Ni-Mn-Ga
References
^ Shape Memory Materials, K Otsuka, CM Wayman, Cambridge University Press, 1998, http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam034/97036119.pdf
^ Martensitic Transformations and the Shape Memory Effect in Ti50Ni10Au40 and Ti50Au50 Alloys, SK WU AND CM WAYMAN, METALLOGRAPHY 20:359-376 (1987)
^ INFLUENCE OF WORK HARDENING AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE SUBSTRUCTURE AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF TiNi SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS, P FILTP and K MAZANEC, Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, Vol. 32. No. 9, pp. 1375-1380. 1995
^ http://www-personal.umich.edu/~btrease/share/SMA-Shape-Training-Tutorial.pdf
^ Kauffman, George, and Isaac Mayo. "Memory Metal." Chem Matters Oct. 1993: 4-7.
^ http://www.wolaa.org/files/Nitinol_Oral_History.pdf, Oral history by William J. Buehler
^ http://www.lararobot.de
^ New York Times obituary of Dr. Andreasen
Further reading
Duerig, TW, KN Melton, D Stckel and CM Wayman. "Engineering Aspects of Shape Memory alloys". ISBN 0-7506-1009-3. London: Butterworth Heinemann, 1990.
K. Shimizu and T. Tadaki, Shape Memory Alloys, H. Funakubo, Ed., Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1987
External links
Shape Memory Alloys and Their Applications - Introductory information on Shape Memory Alloys
Nitinol Technical Information (from Johnson Matthey, Inc.)
BBC report on medical applications of Nitinol
SFB 459: A German Research Center for Shape Memory Alloys
SMAterial.com - phenomena, crystallography, model, simulation and applications of SMA - Has .gif animations demonstrating the effect.
Texas A&M University's Shape Memory Alloy Research Team - SMA overview, publications, etc.
Institute of Physics, ASCR - Research Projects, publications, events & conferences, functional materials
Berkeley - Bioeng/ME C117 Structural Aspects of Biomaterials - Video Lecture: Dr. Scott Robertson, Stents: Fatigue and Fracture, LBL - Material properties of Nitinol stents
Berkeley - Bioeng/ME C117 Structural Aspects of Biomaterials - Video Lecture: Dr. Alan Pelton, Stent Design, Nitinol Device Company (NDC) - Material properties of Nitinol stents
SMST Proceedings
some patents and publications to memory alloys (German)
Categories: Alloys | Smart materials | MetallurgyHidden categories: Technology articles needing expert attention | Engineering articles needing expert attention | Articles needing expert attention from February 2009 | All articles needing expert attention | Medicine articles needing expert attention

The Essential Need of Nitinol Shape Setting in Manufacturing Fields

The Essential Need of Nitinol Shape Setting in Manufacturing Fields

The growth of Nitinol element has expanded tremendously in the past ten years. Today, super-elastic nitinol is a well known, common engineering material in the medical industry. These devices are long used in stents for different vascular applications, and for other medical applications such as spinal instruments to provide less-invasive procedures, arthroscopic devices, and interventional guide wires, and so on.

Nitinol comprises of two elements together, namely 50% nickel and 50% titanium alloys. These allow displaying unusual shape memory and super-elastic properties that make dramatic changes in the operating ways of the alloy. It is slightly because of nickel-rich alloys the effect of super-elasticity is noticed in nitinol devices. Nonetheless, this phenomenon has been widely used in majority of medical applications across the globe.

Defining: Nitinol Shape Setting and the Various Specifications Involved in the Process

It is a process that is used to program the desired shape of a Nitinol device. In this process, the final desired specific shape of the metal is programmed and configured using special thermal physics for every device. Such programming and configuration totally depends on the end use and end-use environment. When one speaks of shape setting, one should also take into account the type of nitinol that is to be used. Nitinol shape memory and super-elastic type are normally available in Nitinol ribbon, wire, Nitinol sheet, strip, tubing, or bar form. These forms help to set custom shape in a piece of Nitinol. As shape setting often refers to the process used to create Nitinol, whether this element is shape memory or super-elastic, in the straightened or cold work condition, it is quite necessary to form the material in a new ‘memory' shape. Hence, the process is performed by firmly constraining the material into a new shape, fixture or on a mandrel, and then perform heat treatment.
Temperature Setting

Shape setting may require different processing temperatures and exhibiting characteristics too. The heating method can be executed in a number of ways such as, air or vacuum furnace, sand bath, salt bath, heated die, and other different methods. However, while adapting any of these techniques and performing the nitinol shape setting process, one has to make sure the temperature range is of 500-550 C with higher temperatures that comfortably result in lower tensile strengths. In addition, the heat treatment time should be able to reach the desired temperature throughout the cross-section. This process depends on the material, mass of the fixture, and the heating method.

The key to designing various parts with Nitinol is to access the material and perform the tests as soon as possible. Nitinol is really not an easy material to work on and design with because it does not have a linear stress-strain curve like other metals such as stainless steel. Therefore, most design formulas and techniques are not applicable. With nitinol shape setting, the aging time must be determined observationally because these processes depend on the heating method, temperature, and history of the material. Nevertheless, it is a quick method to perform provided you have the right equipment available for use.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/product_cat_list/titanium-bar-rod-wire-c20160.html

Titanium - Processing and Uses

Titanium - Processing and Uses

Titanium is a chemical element abbreviated with the chemical symbol Ti. It has a lustrous silvery grey-white metallic appearance and it is corrosion resistant. Titanium has a low density about 60% that of Iron and a high melting point of 3135'F. It was discovered by William Gregor in 1791 and named after the Titans of Greek mythology by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in Cornwall, Great Britain. It is also the 10th most occurring element on the surface of the earth. This metal is extracted from its principal ores through the Kroll or Hunter process.
Processing of titanium metal is done in four stages. First the titanium ore is reduced into a porous form to form something like a sponge. From there, the sponge is melted to form an ingot. It then undergoes primary fabrication whereby the ingot is converted into plates, bars, billets, strips or tubes and other general mill products. The final stage is the secondary fabrication stage. In this stage the general mill products are converted into finished shapes. Since it reacts with oxygen at high temperatures, it can not be produced by reduction of its dioxide. In order to shield titanium from contamination with atmospheric gases, its fabrication or welding is done in an inert atmosphere of argon or helium. To solder this metal, you must first plate it with a metal that is solderable.

Due to its corrosion resistance, it used to make plane propeller shafts. This metal is also used in heater-chillers for salt water aquariums. Titanium is mostly preferred over steel in high performance model sailplane wing join rods because of its strength. Its most common compound titanium dioxide is a photocatalyst used in the manufacture of white pigments. Titanium tetrachloride is also its compound used as an iridized coating for glass. In medicine, titanium is used to make knee and hip replacements, dental implants, surgical instruments, wheel chairs, crutches, pace-makers, bone plates and cranial plates for skull fractures.
Other uses of titanium alloys include eyeglass frames, golf clubs, tennis rackets, cricket helmets and bicycle frames. The body of laptops can also be made from titanium. Guns are also made from this metal because of its light weight and strength. Because of its resilience, it is used for making designer jewelry. Its inertness makes it an ideal choice for people with allergies as it does not react with other things. You can also wear titanium jewelry when swimming.

There is no known biological use for titanium in our bodies but there is a small amount of the element in our bodies.It is estimated that we take in about 0.8 mg of titanium per day. The metal is not poisonous and our bodies can tolerate it in large amounts. But, titanium dust inhalation can cause tightness and pain in the chest accompanied by coughing and difficulty in breathing. Also if the dust comes into contact with your skin or eyes it may cause irritation. As a powder or in metal shavings form, titanium poses a great fire hazard and when heated in air it can cause explosions.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/Gr-7-Titanium-Rod-Bar-With-Best-Price-Quality-287317.html

Benefits of Titanium Sheets

Benefits of Titanium Sheets

Titanium has been used for different applications in various industries. In the mid of 20th century the use of titanium and its alloy was limited, but nowadays it is being used widely for different purpose. As there are various metals which can be used to make sheets but when it comes to the strength, then titanium is the only metal which mostly preferable. Yet these sheets are very strong and durable and have light weight and that's why used for various purposes. However its uses increase even more when it's alloyed is mixed with other substances for special tasks like iron, aluminium, manganese, molybdenum and steel etc.
Generally this metal is used in aerospace industry because of its heat resistant and durability feature. Like other metals such as silver, gold, copper, titanium is not found in earth's crust and specially manufactured and engineered by the complex process. This is the reason why this metal was not widely used, but as now technology gets advanced, it is widely used for several purposes. Titanium is classified into different categories according to their usage and properties as well. If you compare it with steel it is 30% stronger than steel but in weight it is just half around and this makes it perfect materials used for the manufacturing of aircrafts, boats and other vehicles like sports cars and bikes.

Titanium sheets are widely used for making airplane wings because of its resistance to high temperature whereas for making air frames, turbine discs and blades, resilient material is used. In addition these are also suitable for producing watercrafts, submarines, and ships that require security and protection depends on the functions and speed. Titanium durability and strength allows it to stand against the high pressure of outer space and the corrosion that occurs in outer atmosphere is prevented by its element. And when it is alloyed with other metals, its durability improves like when it is alloyed with steel, it reduces the properties of steel and improves its own. It has great level of capacity deterioration and therefore different forms of titanium such as sheets, bars, pipes, alloy, rods, and fasteners etc.

Perhaps the metal is so impressive and plays a significant role in airspace industry. This metal is categorized in grades and grade 5 titanium is formed by an alloy of vanadium, aluminium and titanium and in comparison to grade 2, it has more strength and durable. Aluminium and titanium both has same weight but as titanium is much stronger than aluminium, it is widely used over it.

Industries can use titanium sheet in various forms and can give it any shape they want. As these sheets are produced on large scale, it safety and effectiveness depends on the quality and production level.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/Price-for-ASTM-B265-Gr2-Titanium-Sheet-287634.html

Titanium Screw

Titanium Screw

The construction industry is an area which develops along with the technology. Mainly, the professionals in the construction industry always look for the best reliable materials to use with their construction products. The titanium screw is a latest invention to the construction industry, and lots of construction people use it in order to improve the quality of their product.
Basically, the elements used to manufacture titanium screw are really unique with compare to other screws available in the industry. Furthermore, the durability and the life time of such titanium screws have very good standards. Because of this situation, people who are dealing with construction and industrial industry have identified the value of such titanium screws. Therefore, now we can see a great improvement of titanium screws in the industry.

However, the prices of titanium screws are a little bit higher than the other screws available in the industry. However, it is worth using titanium screws for various constructions as you don't have to do time to time replacements and renovations due to breakage and rusting of screws you have used. In addition that, these titanium screws have a very good resistance against the rusting, and it is very important.
Moreover, these titanium screws are available with various sizes and designs, which can be used for your customized requirements. So it is an added advantage for you as you don't have to stick to one type of titanium screw as you have the opportunity to select these titanium screws from a mass number of screw manufacturers and providers.

Furthermore, it is always recommended to use the best titanium screws for your most important construction projects, which include domestic and commercial construction. If you use these titanium screws for your construction projects, it can add some more values to your completed projects directly and indirectly. So it will be a very good chance to the construction party as they can get more business throughout the positive feedbacks offered by the early service buyers.

Finally, everyone must keep in mind that there is a very good competition available in the industry irrespective of the industry. Therefore, everyone tries to offer the best service to their buyers to deal with the competition. So the titanium screw is a good starting point for the construction industry to provide the customer with some extra satisfactory results.

http://www.chinahhmetal.com/products_info/Titanium-Fasteners-Bolts-Screws-Nuts-Spacers-280670.html

The Top 8 advantages of titanium rings

The Top 8 advantages of titanium rings

Titanium is the flavour of the moment as far as men’s wedding rings go, but they are also gaining a following amongst women.  But why the popularity?  What is it about titanium rings that is drawing consumers away from the traditional gold and platinum wedding rings?  We take a quick look at the advantages and benefits you can enjoy when investing in a titanium ring!
1.  Titanium rings are hypoallergenic.  Because titanium is a pure metal and is not alloyed with other metals, it is ideal for people with sensitive skin as it will not cause any skin irritation or discomfort.

2.  Titanium rings will not corrode, rust or lose their colour over time.  You can thus be assured that your ring will stay in good shape over your lifetime.

3.  Titanium rings can be manufactured in an infinite variety of designs to suit your individual tastes.  With precious metal inlays available in yellow gold, white gold, rose gold, silver and platinum, you'll be sure to find a ring that you love.  You could even design your own unique ring using a combination of metals.

4.  Titanium rings are resistant to wear.  Have you ever noticed how gold rings, particularly 18ct gold rings, wear down, narrow and get thinner over time?  Titanium is resistant so the ring you buy now will last you a lifetime.  In fact, the chance is high that the ring will last longer than you do!
5.  Titanium rings can be set with gemstones.  Black diamonds are proving popular additions to men's jewellery and a titanium ring set with a subtle black diamond is strikingly beautiful.

6.  Titanium rings can be polished into a number of finishes to suit your tastes.  Many people are drawn to a polished titanium finish, others prefer a satin finish or a brushed finish.  All are beautiful, but which is your favourite?

7.  Titanium rings are extremely cost effective.  With plain titanium rings available from $50, grooved titanium rings from $65 and precious metal inlays available from approximately $85, there is a ring to suit your budget.

8.  Titanium rings are lightweight.  Is the man in your life averse to wearing a wedding band because he's not used to wearing rings?  Titanium rings are the perfect answer - compared to gold and platinum, they are so light that he won't realise he's wearing a ring.

Titanium rings truly are the future of men’s jewellery – and, for women who like that style, women too.  There are an infinite number of titanium designs available for purchase today, but make sure you order the correct size as titanium rings cannot be re-sized once cast.  Choose your ideal ring today.

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Embracing New Styles in Titanium

Embracing New Styles in Titanium

Titanium is a great metal to work with. Today Titanium rings and other key pieces are creating massively stylish representations in various orders. Titanium and gold combination or Titanium and Palladium combination in jewelry make for amazingly fine looking pieces. Titanium set with gemstones makes for gorgeous rings. Titanium and diamonds combined make way for the most impressive looking rings that one can imagine. These gorgeous designs are at par with Platinum and diamond combined rings that are loved by people all over the world. The new desire for Titanium and Palladium rings with diamonds encrusted on them or exquisite carvings make way for gorgeous appeal in different ways. Considering Tungsten rings also create new ways to embrace style and design in your life. The new looks with Tungsten and Timascus rings or Titanium and Mokume patterns have created splashes through famed international ring designers.Titanium and gold combination or Titanium and Palladium combination in jewelry make for amazingly fine looking pieces. Titanium set with gemstones makes for gorgeous rings. Titanium and diamonds combined make way for the most impressive looking rings that one can imagine. These gorgeous designs are at par with Platinum and diamond combined rings that are loved by people all over the world. The new desire for Titanium and Palladium rings with diamonds encrusted on them or exquisite carvings make way for gorgeous appeal in different ways. Considering Tungsten rings also create new ways to embrace style and design in your life. The new looks with Tungsten and Timascus rings or Titanium and Mokume patterns have created splashes through famed international ring designers.
Other impressive designs and cuts can be seen with Titanium and Zirconium rings, Titanium entwined with Silver, pure Zirconium rings and even 100% Palladium rings. All these are unique representations of the wholesome metals that create gorgeous pieces. International designers are now experimenting with different looks and creative functions of different metals to bring you extraordinary accessories and pieces. Today people prefer more subdued metals than gold and so the structure and look of Titanium or Zirconium or Titanium combined accessories have been widely embraced all across the world, in different cultures. However no one can deny the universal appeal present with pure Gold rings or Platinum rings, but with more adventurous designs and favors coming along, Titanium runs very close to them in terms of mass appeal. As for wedding bands or ring sets, Titanium rings or Titanium and other metal mixed rings make for gorgeous pieces themselves.

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Metal-Titanium Recycling- Basic Information

Metal-Titanium Recycling- Basic Information

Basic Information(Ti): Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Sometimes called the “space age metal”, it has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant (including to sea water, aqua regia and chlorine) transition metal with a silver color.
Extraction of Titanium(Ti)
Even if the present extraction of titanium by the Kroll Processis a relatively energy intensive as compared to other manufacturing metals, the energy and waste savings achieved by the use of titanium represent a payback not available from less corrosion resistant, heavier, less strong and environmentally less friendly materials. The development of reduced energy extraction processes continues, most notably with the FFC electrolytic de oxidation process, which not only consumes less energy, but is also a more environmentally friendly process overall.

Production of Titanium
Hot working of  titanium metal from ingot or billet follows similar procedures to other metals, but at typically lower temperatures than for example steels or nickel based alloys. Energy consumption per weight of material processed is overall of the same order as for steel, but because of its lower density the volume of titanium product yielded is typically 30-40% greater.

Reclamation and Recycling of Titanium
Titanium scrap generated in manufacturing processes and in equipment fabrication is fully recyclable. Substantial investment by titanium producers in cold hearth and other remelting furnaces has greatly improved the economy of recycling and made possible the direct use of the widest possible range of scrap forms. The sustained value of life expired titanium parts and systems should always be taken into account in life cycle cost considerations. The probability that titanium process plant and other equipment will remain both clean and free of corrosion means that re-use of the whole plant or of elements of the plant, e.g. condenser tubing, may be considered, and offer further economies in major equipment production and procurement cycles.
Titanium is one of the most ecologically friendly of metals.
Titanium has outstanding resistance to corrosion in a wide range of aggressive conditions. This eliminates or substantially reduces:
• Metal loss and energy input for repair/replacement
• Land, water or air pollution from corrosion failure of process plant
• Product contamination from metal loss or by cross stream leakage caused by corrosion • Pollution of rainwater from run-off of roofs or cladding in architectural application

The low weight of titanium reduces:
• Energy loss in reciprocating equipment
• Fuel consumption in aircraft, ships and land vehicles
• Performance shortfalls in payload, range, speed and other critical factors

The total biocompatibility of titanium assures:
• Safe use in human bone and tissue replacement
• Harmlessness to terrestrial and marine flora and fauna
• Non-interference with microbiological processes and immunity to them

The ability to recycle titanium ensures:
• Maximum recovery of every form of reverted material and scrap
• Overall reduction of energy input to sustain metal supply.
Reduced Costs of Maintenance and Replacement
Specification of titanium from the outset for aggressive service in chemical plant, power station condensers, offshore systems and other equipment required to perform reliably in harsh operating environments has clearly demonstrated the cost benefits and energy savings which attach to greater availability and reliability, reduction of unscheduled outages, longer intervals between shutdowns for routine maintenance and longer safe life overall. Offshore systems with planned lives of up to 70 years, and with critical requirements for continuous safe performance, demonstrate in particular the low life cycle costs and high environmental benefits which result from the near total compatibility of titanium with marine environments.
Electrochemical Processes
The use of titanium anodes greatly increases the environmental friendliness of electrochemical processes such as chlorine production. Titanium anodes are more stable than nickel, lead, zinc or mercury. Titanium electrode activating coatings can be replaced several times on the same titanium structure. The process efficiency (energy input per unit of product) and process control (consistency and safety) are significantly higher when titanium electrodes are used.

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Properties and Uses of Titanium

Properties and Uses of Titanium

Titanium is considered as an important element in chemical and other industries. Chemically it is symbolized as Ti with atomic number 22. It was first discovered in 1791 in Cornwall in Great Britain by William Gregor. The element is found in most of the living things, rocks, water bodies and soil. Instead the fact that commercial production of the element has been started in last few years with the expensive and complex process, its outstanding and excellent properties makes it more demandable element in various industries including marine, medicine, aviation and in many other alternative that may not have been possible earlier.
The two main properties of titanium is its strength with low weight to other metals and corrosion resistance. Titanium is alloyed with several other elements such as aluminum, iron, molybdenum, vanadium and many other metals that produce light weight and strong alloy for aerospace industry, industrial process, military, agriculture, dental instruments, dental implants, automotive, sporting goods and mobile phones. Most of the titanium properties whether it is chemical or physical is similar to the zirconium.

Physical Properties

Titanium is physically quite ductile, lustrous, malleable and easily worked with other metals. It has low density, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity. In its pure form it has silvery white metallic luster. It has similar strength as of steel and twice as of aluminum but just half in weight. It is fairly hard, poor conductor of heat and electricity and non magnetic element. The alloy of this element has lower specific stiffness in comparison to other structural material like carbon fiber and aluminum alloys. Metal is non toxic and physiologically inert and hence has no effect on
Titanium does not quickly corrode in water and are oxidized immediately when they are exposed to air. When it reacts with oxygen at 1200 C it forms titanium oxide, however it reacts slowly with air and water and forms a protective oxide coating that helps it to react with other metals. It is one of the materials that easily burn in pure nitrogen gas and forms titanium nitride. It is resistant against aqua regia and to nitric acid at 20 C temperatures. Titanium filaments are applied in sublimation pumps (devices to create extremely low pressure in ultra vacuum systems) because in its clean and purest form it is highly reactive and strongly binds with oxygen. As per some experiments titanium becomes radioactive after the attack with deuterons.

Alloys of titanium are a preferred choice for various industries mainly because of its low creep resistance and highest strength. As of now almost industries uses this excellent element to produce their end products even you can find it in jewelry as well.

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Titanium: The Medical Metal of Choice

Titanium: The Medical Metal of Choice

Medical Grade Titanium

Titanium 6AL4V and 6AL4V ELI, alloys made of 6% Aluminum and 4% Vanadium, are the most common types of titanium used in medicine. Because of its harmonizing factor with the human body, these titanium alloys are popularly used in medical procedures, as well as in body piercings. Also known as Gr. 5 and Gr. 23, these are some of the most familiar and readily available types of titanium in the US, with a number of distributors specializing in these specific grades.

Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V ELI offer greater fracture-resistance when used in dental implants. The implant procedure begins with the insertion of a titanium screw into the jaw. The screw resembles and acts like the root of the tooth. After an allotted amount of time has passed for the bone to have grown into the medical grade titanium screw, a fake tooth is connected to the implant.


Benefits of Medical Titanium

Strong
Lightweight
Corrosion Resistant
Cost-efficient
Non-toxic
Biocompatible (non-toxic AND not rejected by the body)
Long-lasting
Non-ferromagnetic
Osseointegrated (the joining of bone with artificial implant)
Long range availability
Flexibility and elasticity rivals that of human bone
Two of the greatest benefits of titanium are its high strength-to-weight ratio and its corrosion resistance. Couple this with its non-toxic state and its ability to fight all corrosion from bodily fluids and it’s no wonder titanium has become the metal of choice within the field of medicine.

Titanium is also incredibly durable and long-lasting. When titanium cages, rods, plates and pins are inserted into the body, they can last for upwards of 20 years. And dental titanium, such as titanium posts and implants, can last even longer.

Another benefit to titanium for use in medicine is its non-ferromagnetic property, which allows patients with titanium implants to be safely examined with MRIs and NMRIs.

Osseointegration is a unique phenomenon where your body’s natural bone and tissue actually bond to the artificial implant. This firmly anchors the titanium dental or medical implant into place. Titanium is one of the only metals that allows for this integration.
Uses of Medical Titanium

Most all of us know someone who has required surgery to replace a failing hip socket, shoulder joint or severely broken bone. It’s very likely medical grade titanium was the material of choice for the surgeons when reconstructing these parts of the body. As evidenced in the previous section, natural titanium properties make it a perfect alloy to be used within the body.

Medical grade titanium is used in producing:

Pins
Bone plates
Screws
Bars
Rods
Wires
Posts
Expandable rib cages
Spinal fusion cages
Finger and toe replacements
Maxio-facial prosthetics
Some of the most common uses for titanium are in hip and knee replacement surgeries. It is also used to replace shoulder and elbow joints and to protect the vertebrae following complicated and invasive back surgery. Titanium pegs are used to attach false eyes and ears and titanium heart valves are even competing with regular tissue valves.


Surgical Titanium Instruments

There are a number of characteristics that make titanium the perfect choice for surgical instrumentation:

It’s harder than some steel, yet lighter in weight.
It is bacteria resistant.
Again, it can be used in conjunction with instruments emitting radiation.
Titanium is incredibly durable, giving instruments greater longevity.
Because of these great properties, it is used to create a number of titanium surgical devices:

Surgical forceps
Retractors
Surgical tweezers
Suture instruments
Scissors
Needle and micro needle holders
Dental scalers
Dental elevators
Dental drills
Lasik eye surgery equipment
Laser electrodes
Vena cava clips


Dental Titanium

As mentioned earlier, titanium has the ability to fuse together with living bone. This property makes it a huge benefit in the world of dentistry. Titanium dental implants have become the most widely accepted and successfully used type of implant due to its propensity to osseointegrate. When bone forming cells attach themselves to the titanium implant, a structural and functional bridge forms between the body’s bone and the newly implanted, foreign object.

Titanium orthodontic braces are also growing in popularity. They are stronger, more secure and lighter than their steel counterparts. And of course, medical grade titanium’s biocompatibility makes its use in braces even more beneficial than its competing alloys.

Future of Bio-medical Titanium

It is expected that use within the biomedical industry will only continue to grow for titanium in the coming years.

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Applications of Titanium Alloys

Applications of Titanium Alloys

When it comes to the usage of alloy metal, titanium is one of the most demandable and common elements used in the industry worldwide. It can be highly strengthened by the alloying process with other metals like steel, manganese, aluminium and vanadium etc. Its excellent properties such as low weight, outstanding corrosion resistant and strong strength in comparison to other metals makes it suitable for various successful applications which include medical, agriculture, aerospace, paper/pulp industry, chemical plant, oil and gas extraction, automobiles, sports and power generation etc.
The strong and light metal, supra alloy of the titanium has become a part of everyday's life that keeps plane in the airs, for medical implants, and as infused with many products around the modern home and buildings. Titanium and its alloy have good heat transfer property and melting points have higher than steel and aluminium. As it is a non toxic element and is generally biological compatible with human tissues, it is widely used for medical implants and implement. One of the critical applications is implementing implants in the human body which cannot readily replace and maintained and for this, titanium alloys are suitable elements to use.

The industrial use of this element is increasing very rapidly as engineers found that it can reduce the total cost of project life cycle. The titanium is exceptionally light weight metal compound with higher strength among other metals and that's why it can do work in just half as much as other metals do in terms of strength and weight. In addition when it is converted to alloy, oxide layer is formed which is excellent corrosion inhibitor in itself as this layer automatically remove when scratching, so for the products like fasteners and screws, this element is ideal to use in industries.

Titanium has its way in sports industry too today several modern golf available in the market are made up of titanium alloy that prevents it from corrosion and as good resistance to stains and nicks it is also used for making cookware. In the power generation plant where polluted water is used to form electricity, titanium will improve the life of the condensers and due to its highly resistance corrosion feature, it reduces the use of corrosion allowance.

Since the beginning of the jet engines and air planes, titanium has been used to meet the crucial and high standard for the strength, metallurgical structure and high temperature performance in the air. For engine rotating applications, it is used with latest and advanced technology to build fan blades that reduces noise and increase efficiency. Nowadays, titaniu7m is also found in the wide range of jewelry, watches, bicycles, clocks and eyeglasses and other consumer products.

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Alloys Anodes Protecting Against Corrosion

Alloys Anodes Protecting Against Corrosion

The various types of anodes meant for protection against corrosion are extensively described below. This will give you a fair idea about their properties, the way they get used and their chief characteristics that drive end users to buy and use them at appropriate times.
Aluminum Alloys Anodes are known to be manufactured from high purity aluminum. Manufacturers making this are known to produce primary aluminum with low concentration of iron. No scrap is ever used again. This is the most tried and tested way of producing closely controlled aluminum alloy. Some of the various elements used to make this alloy include the likes of zinc with maximum concentration of 6.5 per cent, indium with 0.04 per cent, silicon with 0.12 per cent, copper with 0.003 per cent, cadmium with 0.002 per cent, titanium with 0.025 per cent, and the others being 0.05 per cent. Put in the fact these are segregated in categories like the Impalloy III, III-S and III-CW, and the stakes go even higher and fluctuate further.

Zinc Alloys Anodes are usually put under two different categories, US Mil A-18001K ASTM B418 Type I and ASTM B418 Type II. The elements used to make this alloy include the likes of aluminum, cadmium, iron, lead, copper, zinc and several others. The percentage of these elements mixed to form an alloy range from 0.005 per cent to 0.5 per cent. This anode is usually used for protection against corrosion at places such as saline sites, brackish waters and sea shores. The alloy also gets used in low resistivity, salt laden sediments and soils.

Crab Pot Anodes are made by amalgamating zinc, indium and aluminum. Specific composition are taken of all three elements, put together to form an alloy and the anode made out of it eventually becomes a part of the corrosion protection process. Crab pot anodes are used at commercial crabbing sides of the fishing industry.
They render exceptional protection properties against electrolysis on unbelievably large crab pots. They usually contain built in steel straps, protruding from any end of the aluminum casting which further get wedded to the framework of the crab pot. These anodes are cast in an open metal mold, with striking similarity to a permanent mold of sorts. They are cast in large quantities altogether.

Sacrificial Anodes would be another type used for extensive protection and shelter against corrosion. The element is basically a metallic anode used to protect cathodes where it gets dissolved to protect other metallic components. It can easily be oxidized, with electrons being stripped off it to offer protection.

These are some of the alloys anodes used for protection and resistance to corrosion. Their efficacy has been highly tested, leaving little doubt they actually offer amazing resistance. So affluent are they in resisting corrosion that their usage cuts through various verticals. One cannot dispute or doubt the regions where they get used, for so common is their usage that anyone with some scientific knowledge will find to easy to identify the same.

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Titanium Plates And Other Applications Of A Super Metal

Titanium Plates And Other Applications Of A Super Metal

Titanium Plates are just one of the many products that are created from titanium and are involved in many peoples' everyday lives. Titanium is a transitional metal of silver colour and its core properties of low density, strength, durability and corrosion resistance give it utility in a wide array of fields including paper production, manufacturing, aerospace engineering, architecture, and medicine amongst others.
In the twentieth century medical professionals began using titanium in all manner of procedures; as medical instruments at this time were commonly built of titanium and also a means to replace damaged bones and joints. Some of the properties that gave titanium utility in other fields made it equally as useful in the medical arena. Its high strength to weight ratio and its flexibility and elasticity made it a great substitute for bone tissue.

In addition titanium has several traits that make it the medical super tool that it is. It's corrosion resistance means that once properly treated, nothing inside the human body will cause the implant to deteriorate. In the same line of thought titanium is not only non-toxic, but it is also biocompatible, meaning that it will not harm the body and in turn the body will not attack or reject the implant. Because of all these properties titanium implants can last for twenty years or more depending upon their application.
Titanium performs well in the body. It's durable and functional. Its ability to osseointegrate means that it is able to join with existing bone without any soft tissue, resulting in limited loss of mobility in the affected area. Titanium implants are also non-ferromagnetic, meaning that they have limited magnetic interaction. For instance a person with a titanium implant is unlikely to set off airport metal detectors (although sensitivity has been ratcheted up in airports worldwide and there have been reports of implants setting off detectors, and implant patients are also safe should they find themselves in the unlikely position of proximity to a comically large magnet. More importantly medical testing involving magnetic imaging such as MRIs are completely safe for patients with titanium implants.

With the cost of medical care higher than ever, titanium is a welcome cost efficient resource in a field of high cost procedures and tests. Titanium is abundant and readily available and it does not appear that any of this will change in the foreseeable future.

Titanium plates are used for maxio-facial prosthetics (principally for severe mandible injuries), part of the implant system for hip replacements, in addition to many other procedures.

Titanium truly is a super metal. The developments the medical community has made with Titanium has allowed many people to lead more productive and normal life in the presence of injury and deterioration with age. Titanium plates are just one of the many innovations that have the potential to make life better.

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Titanium Market Remains Cyclical

Titanium Market Remains Cyclical

One of the main reasons preventing from further Titanium distribution is its high cost. Apart from that, cyclical character of the aircraft industry also affects Ti application.
Economic state in major application areas, esp. aerospace industry, significantly affects titanium market thus leading to its thoroughly cyclical character. In 1958, demand for titanium dropped off significantly because the military shifted its focus from manned aircraft to missiles for which steel was more appropriate. Since then, the titanium industry has had various cycles of high and low demand. The Asian financial crisis in the late 90ies drastically affected titanium demand and manufacture. The year of 2001 witnessed revival heavily impeded by world economy slowdown.

Today, about 80% of titanium is used by the aerospace industry and 20% by non-aerospace industries. According to Roskill, the commercial aerospace industries in the USA and Europe are recovering strongly, and aerospace demand for high-grade titanium and titanium alloy mill products is growing at about 7% per year. While the U.S. airline industry has been in rough shape for quite some time especially after 9/11 terrorist attack, international airlines are ordering a lot of new planes now.

In the next ten years, the titanium industry could continue to expand driven by increased titanium consumption which is likely to remain stable until 2015.

The world fleet of passenger aircraft is forecast to double by 2025, and the new large passenger jets will use much higher proportions of titanium than current aircraft. The soaring cost of oil in recent years has encouraged orders for more fuel-efficient planes built with titanium.

Paint and varnish industry, which is not the main but rather stable Ti-consuming sector, will demonstrate growth in the demand for titanium products. Global titanium demand, paced by strong markets across the spectrum of commercial aerospace, defense and industrial-consumer markets, is expected to build on its recent growth, both in the near term and deep into the next decade. According to some experts, worldwide Ti demand will grow to over 300 million pounds by 2015
Good prospects for Ti use exist on the Japanese market of sports equipment. The market for medical products has become a stable application area for titanium. More than 1000mt of titanium is annually used in implants. According to Titanium Information Group (UK), titanium has found wide application in medicine due to its corrosion-free nature and bio-compatibility with human tissues. The application of titanium in dentistry has tripled to 2000mt/y over the recent years, experts from the American Dental Association say.
Japan has been utilizing titanium in architecture and construction for 25 years. Titanium application in these fields has been growing not only in Japan. UAE's new airport uses 1.5mln pounds of titanium. Titanium-employing facilities are being constructed in Switzerland, Singapore, Egypt, USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Belgium, Peru.

In 2006, titanium capacity in the CIS countries is estimated at 63.5K mt/y, which accounts for 46.4% of global capacity. Three countries, Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, feature Ti capacities. The main consumers of titanium feedstock worldwide are producers of titanium dioxide, which accounts for 95% of demand. In the CIS countries the situation is different: about 65% of concentrate is used for the production of titanium sponge.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union Russia has lost the mineral reserves base of its titanium industry, since the deposits under exploration were situated in Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Apart from that, TiO2 production facilities were concentrated in Ukraine. The demand for titanium dioxide has been growing thanks to the expansion of many industries, primarily paint and varnish industry. Besides, the current global market behavior also spurs the interest towards this product.

Thus, the creation of the large domestic TiO2 production facility is on the current agenda for Russia. The target is to eliminate the dependence of Russia upon the TiO2 imports. The first step towards the realization of this goal is to originate own TiO2-related mining and feedstock basis.

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Rotary Piercing for High-Quality Titanium Tubing

Rotary Piercing for High-Quality Titanium Tubing

Rotary piercing is an effective process that is widely used among metal manufacturing companies. The metal manufacturers use rotary piercing to create very high quality seamless metal tubing that other industries can use them for machining parts and other uses. The resulting tube does not have micro-cracks in it as most other tubing gains through simpler forging processes, so this tubing can be used to transfer very low-molecular-weight fluids through it without leaking. There are two methods of performing rotary piercing: The Mannesmann Process and The Stiefel Process.
In the simplest form of the process, Mannesmann Rotary Piercing consists of two convex-shaped rollers that are placed at a slightly smaller distance apart from each other than the diameter of the resulting tube. The rollers are tapered, meaning they are not horizontally parallel, however they are a few degrees twisted from each other's axes to help provide rotation. They rotate in the same direction, while the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. A shaft of very hot metal (in many cases, titanium) is then pushed between the two rotating rollers. Once the shaft reaches the convex-shaped section of the rollers, it then becomes compressed and fissures begin to form on the outer surface of the shaft. These fissures are formed in a circumferential pattern due to the tapered orientation of the rollers, and normally would cause the structural integrity of the tubing to become greatly decreased.

At the same rate, a mandrel (hollowing dowel) greets the shaft of hot metal at the exiting half of the convex section of the rollers. The mandrel itself must be the same diameter as the inside of the tubing, because it serves to hollow out a previously solid shaft. The mandrel begins hollowing out the shaft, but also serves to apply inner pressure to fuse the fissures that were formed by the rollers. This strengthens the tubing and also makes it very solid and dense, having very few stress points and also not allowing materials of low molecular weight to seep out through any parts of the tube.
Once the entire shaft has been pushed through the rollers and mandrel, it is then cooled to room temperature. To reduce the amount of fissures that form at this stage of manufacturing, at first the metal is allowed to cool several hundred degrees Fahrenheit in the air, and is then dropped in water to cool the remaining amount of heat until room temperature. Remaining changes and adjustments are made without heating the tube up to thousands of degrees again.

The other form of Rotary Piercing, which is called the Stiefel Process, is very similar in fashion to Mannesmann Rotary Piercing. The process is the same, although conical disks are used in place of a convex surface. This allows the manufacturer to make larger-diameter tubing. Many titanium manufacturers use these two methods to create high quality pipes for industrial scenarios, and even offer these pipes in different grades and alloys of titanium as well.  The Mannesman and Stiefel rotary piercing processes are two of the most common and best processes for manufacturing high-quality seamless titanium tubing.

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About the ball watches

About the ball watches

What's the ball watches? If you have known what's the sport watches, then I see you may know what's the ball watches, one type of the Bvlgari B.Zero1 Watches. It was similar to the sport watches, but in some respects it is more excellent than the sport watches. Because it was used at sport field, so the requirement for it is much higher then the sport watches. Such as the accurate time, the stablity when working, the anti-shock performance and so on. Understand that long-term commitment will ensure the best results. Ball firm decision continues to assure the world with the accurate time as well as quality. Ball Bvlgari Replica Watches company was established by Webster Clay Ball. He set up shop in 1891 in Cleveland, Ohio. Interestingly, at that time communities and towns across the US kept local time. Then standard time was established, where the time zone was enlarged. Ball created time signals in Cleveland in his quest to bring time accuracy to the city. The Superintendent of Lake Shore Lines noted the work that Ball was doing and asked him to become the Chief Inspector of the lines.   This request securely placed Ball literally in the center of the annals of time. The Superintendent wanted ball to study time issues and record watch usage on Lake Shore Lines and create a system of inspection. The line had suffered a recent fatal accident that could have been avoided had the proper timepieces been in place. Ball created a intricate national network that included Canada and Mexico. The watches worn by the rail workers were inspected every two weeks where variations of more than thirty seconds were not allowed. Ball Watch company had tremendous impact on safety on the nations railways making it the national treasure it is today. Ball himself was acknowledged for his work in keeping millions of riders safe.   Temperature extremes are also no problem for Ball Bvlgari Assioma Watches, as many of their models can withstand temperature ranges from minus 40 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius. Are the North and South poles too much? Not for Ball Watches. Their slogan says it all "accuracy under adverse conditions." The Ball Watch company American ingenuity and Swiss technology wrapped into one. The Ball Watch Collection The Ball Watch company makes a number of models, there's the Engineer II, which comes in the Arabic, the Classic, the Ohio and the Roman, is loved for its simplicity. All are automatic and basically have the same functions of hour, minute, second and day/date. The Ball Engineer Master II is one of  the most popular of the collection, and comes in the Aviator, Aviator GMT, Chronometer, Chronometer Limited Edition, Classic. The diver watches in the Engineer Master II come in the Diver, Diver Chronograph, Diver COSC, Diver GMT, and Diver TMT Ltd Ed which has thermometric indicator.  The Engineer Hydrocarbon TMT comes with a thermometric indicator, which also comes in a titanium limited edition, as well. The Engineer Hydrocarbon comes in the Titanium and Trieste Chrono LE, which has a chronograph operable underwater to 600m and a helium valve release. The Ball Trainmaster comes in the 60 Second, with a ladies version, also. The Trainmaster Cannonball comes with a two register chronograph. The Trainmaster Cleveland Express comes in the Dual Time COSC with dual twelve hour hands, UTC indication and the Ball date warning system, in pink gold. There's the Trainmaster Dual Time and the Moonlight Special LE, a limited edition with triple calendar, twelve hour chronograph, moon phase, twenty four hour indication. The Pulsemeter Pro has a one button chronograph with graduation for fifteen pulsations. The Trainmaster TMT comes with a thermometric indicator measuring minus 35 to 45 degrees Celsius, while the Voyager GMT rounds up the show.

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Titanium: The Medical Metal of Choice

Titanium: The Medical Metal of Choice

The list of titanium benefits is lengthy. This makes it incredibly useful for a number of different industries, including the automotive, aerospace and architectural worlds. But because titanium resists corrosion, is biocompatible and has an innate ability to join with human bone, it has become a staple of the medical field, as well. From surgical titanium instruments to titanium rods, pins and plates, medical and dental titanium has truly become the fundamental material used in medicine.
Medical Grade Titanium

Titanium 6AL4V and 6AL4V ELI, alloys made of 6% Aluminum and 4% Vanadium, are the most common types of titanium used in medicine. Because of its harmonizing factor with the human body, these titanium alloys are popularly used in medical procedures, as well as in body piercings. Also known as Gr. 5 and Gr. 23, these are some of the most familiar and readily available types of titanium in the US, with a number of distributors specializing in these specific grades.

Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V ELI offer greater fracture-resistance when used in dental implants. The implant procedure begins with the insertion of a titanium screw into the jaw. The screw resembles and acts like the root of the tooth. After an allotted amount of time has passed for the bone to have grown into the medical grade titanium screw, a fake tooth is connected to the implant.


Benefits of Medical Titanium

Strong
Lightweight
Corrosion Resistant
Cost-efficient
Non-toxic
Biocompatible (non-toxic AND not rejected by the body)
Long-lasting
Non-ferromagnetic
Osseointegrated (the joining of bone with artificial implant)
Long range availability
Flexibility and elasticity rivals that of human bone
Two of the greatest benefits of titanium are its high strength-to-weight ratio and its corrosion resistance. Couple this with its non-toxic state and its ability to fight all corrosion from bodily fluids and it’s no wonder titanium has become the metal of choice within the field of medicine.

Titanium is also incredibly durable and long-lasting. When titanium cages, rods, plates and pins are inserted into the body, they can last for upwards of 20 years. And dental titanium, such as titanium posts and implants, can last even longer.

Another benefit to titanium for use in medicine is its non-ferromagnetic property, which allows patients with titanium implants to be safely examined with MRIs and NMRIs.

Osseointegration is a unique phenomenon where your body’s natural bone and tissue actually bond to the artificial implant. This firmly anchors the titanium dental or medical implant into place. Titanium is one of the only metals that allows for this integration.
Uses of Medical Titanium

Most all of us know someone who has required surgery to replace a failing hip socket, shoulder joint or severely broken bone. It’s very likely medical grade titanium was the material of choice for the surgeons when reconstructing these parts of the body. As evidenced in the previous section, natural titanium properties make it a perfect alloy to be used within the body.

Medical grade titanium is used in producing
Pins
Bone plates
Screws
Bars
Rods
Wires
Posts
Expandable rib cages
Spinal fusion cages
Finger and toe replacements
Maxio-facial prosthetics
Some of the most common uses for titanium are in hip and knee replacement surgeries. It is also used to replace shoulder and elbow joints and to protect the vertebrae following complicated and invasive back surgery. Titanium pegs are used to attach false eyes and ears and titanium heart valves are even competing with regular tissue valves.


Surgical Titanium Instruments

There are a number of characteristics that make titanium the perfect choice for surgical instrumentation:

It’s harder than some steel, yet lighter in weight.
It is bacteria resistant.
Again, it can be used in conjunction with instruments emitting radiation.
Titanium is incredibly durable, giving instruments greater longevity.
Because of these great properties, it is used to create a number of titanium surgical devices:

Surgical forceps
Retractors
Surgical tweezers
Suture instruments
Scissors
Needle and micro needle holders
Dental scalers
Dental elevators
Dental drills
Lasik eye surgery equipment
Laser electrodes
Vena cava clips


Dental Titanium

As mentioned earlier, titanium has the ability to fuse together with living bone. This property makes it a huge benefit in the world of dentistry. Titanium dental implants have become the most widely accepted and successfully used type of implant due to its propensity to osseointegrate. When bone forming cells attach themselves to the titanium implant, a structural and functional bridge forms between the body’s bone and the newly implanted, foreign object.

Titanium orthodontic braces are also growing in popularity. They are stronger, more secure and lighter than their steel counterparts. And of course, medical grade titanium’s biocompatibility makes its use in braces even more beneficial than its competing alloys.

Future of Bio-medical Titanium

It is expected that use within the biomedical industry will only continue to grow for titanium in the coming years.

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Rotary Piercing for High-Quality Titanium Tubing

Rotary Piercing for High-Quality Titanium Tubing

Rotary piercing is an effective process that is widely used among metal manufacturing companies. The metal manufacturers use rotary piercing to create very high quality seamless metal tubing that other industries can use them for machining parts and other uses. The resulting tube does not have micro-cracks in it as most other tubing gains through simpler forging processes, so this tubing can be used to transfer very low-molecular-weight fluids through it without leaking. There are two methods of performing rotary piercing: The Mannesmann Process and The Stiefel Process.
In the simplest form of the process, Mannesmann Rotary Piercing consists of two convex-shaped rollers that are placed at a slightly smaller distance apart from each other than the diameter of the resulting tube. The rollers are tapered, meaning they are not horizontally parallel, however they are a few degrees twisted from each other's axes to help provide rotation. They rotate in the same direction, while the shaft rotates in the opposite direction. A shaft of very hot metal (in many cases, titanium) is then pushed between the two rotating rollers. Once the shaft reaches the convex-shaped section of the rollers, it then becomes compressed and fissures begin to form on the outer surface of the shaft. These fissures are formed in a circumferential pattern due to the tapered orientation of the rollers, and normally would cause the structural integrity of the tubing to become greatly decreased.

At the same rate, a mandrel (hollowing dowel) greets the shaft of hot metal at the exiting half of the convex section of the rollers. The mandrel itself must be the same diameter as the inside of the tubing, because it serves to hollow out a previously solid shaft. The mandrel begins hollowing out the shaft, but also serves to apply inner pressure to fuse the fissures that were formed by the rollers. This strengthens the tubing and also makes it very solid and dense, having very few stress points and also not allowing materials of low molecular weight to seep out through any parts of the tube.
Once the entire shaft has been pushed through the rollers and mandrel, it is then cooled to room temperature. To reduce the amount of fissures that form at this stage of manufacturing, at first the metal is allowed to cool several hundred degrees Fahrenheit in the air, and is then dropped in water to cool the remaining amount of heat until room temperature. Remaining changes and adjustments are made without heating the tube up to thousands of degrees again.

The other form of Rotary Piercing, which is called the Stiefel Process, is very similar in fashion to Mannesmann Rotary Piercing. The process is the same, although conical disks are used in place of a convex surface. This allows the manufacturer to make larger-diameter tubing. Many titanium manufacturers use these two methods to create high quality pipes for industrial scenarios, and even offer these pipes in different grades and alloys of titanium as well.  The Mannesman and Stiefel rotary piercing processes are two of the most common and best processes for manufacturing high-quality seamless titanium tubing.

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